Algorithms
Selection sort sweeps the unsorted part for the smallest value and swaps it to the front, locking one more slot every pass. Watch it run step by step.
Cycle sort is the one obsessed with not writing to memory. It figures out exactly where each value belongs and puts it there in a single write, at the cost of a lot of comparisons. Watch it run step by step.
Bubble sort in its simplest form — two loops that, for each slot, sweep everything to its right and swap in the smallest value. Watch it run step by step.
Line every sort up and race them on the same data. Watch who finishes first, how many comparisons it took, and how much scratch memory each one needed.